Setting apart uncertainty this 12 months over tariffs, affordability, a slowing financial system, excessive inventory market valuations, and authorities shutdowns, this text is concentrated on the long-term danger of the following monetary disaster. I’m not frightened a couple of gloom and doom state of affairs. I do wish to have a portion of my general portfolio ready for one more monetary disaster or foreign money devaluation, whether or not it’s related to the following bear market or one after that.
This Time Is Completely different – Eight Centuries of Monetary Folly (2009) by Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff covers debt cycles and monetary crises:
“If there’s one frequent theme to the huge vary of crises we contemplate on this ebook, it’s that extreme debt accumulation, whether or not it’s by the federal government, banks, firms, or shoppers, usually poses higher systemic dangers than it appears throughout a increase.”
Federal debt as a proportion of gross home product rose from 62% of GDP in 2007 to 119% at present. In Our Greenback, Your Drawback (2025), Kenneth Rogoff writes that he expects “a sustained interval of worldwide monetary volatility marked by greater common actual rates of interest and inflation and extra frequent bouts of debt and monetary crises.”
I simply completed studying Rules for Coping with the Altering World Order – Why Nations Succeed and Fail (2021) by Ray Dalio, specializing in the “Massive Cycle of Cash, Credit score, Debt, and Financial Exercise”. Mr. Dalio summarizes the powers and prospects of america to be that america seems to be a robust energy in gradual decline, and its “weaknesses are its unfavorable financial/monetary place and its giant home conflicts.”
On this article, I create a spread of portfolios for drawdowns through the monetary disaster and returns for the previous eighteen years. I then mix the perfect of the established funds with newer funds which have excessive risk-adjusted efficiency because the starting of the COVID pandemic. I contemplate that the bear market (2020), excessive inflation (2021), restoration of shares (2023), and tariff uncertainty (2025) of the previous six years to be extra indicative of efficiency for the following six years whereas The Nice Normalization (2022) bear market with rates of interest rising from a low stage to nearer to historic ranges and the inventory market changing into extremely valued (2024) to be much less related. My Excel optimization is meant to seize these related features whereas excluding the much less related years (2022, 2024). Within the last part, I conclude by exhibiting how my conservative goal portfolio carried out over the previous six years.
Funding Surroundings
S&P World Scores lowered its score of U.S. Authorities debt in 2011. Fitch Scores lowered its score from AAA to AA+ in 2023, and Moody’s Buyers Service lowered its score on U.S. authorities debt from Aaa to Aa1 this 12 months. The Third Quarter 2025 Survey of Skilled Forecasters by the Federal Reserve Financial institution of Philadelphia estimates that actual GDP for the U.S. in 2025 might be about 1.7% and 1.6% in 2026. The value-to-earnings ratio of the S&P 500 is sort of as excessive because it was previous to the bursting of the Dotcom Bubble.
Fiscal and financial stimulus, together with provide shocks following the pandemic, resulted in excessive inflation not seen for 50 years. The stage was set for the rise in gold costs with the announcement in April 2020 of the Federal Reserve injecting $2.3T into the financial system, rise of inflation beginning in March 2021 which peaked in June 2022, Russia invading Ukraine in February 2022, the ten-year to two-year yield curve inverting in July 2022 warning of a recession, central banks accelerating the acquisition of gold in 2022, banking disaster of March 2023 triggered by the collapse of Silicon Valley Financial institution adopted by troubles at Credit score Suisse, and the beginning of the Israeli-Hamas warfare in October 2023.
Inflation peaked in mid-2022 whereas gold started its latest ascent on the finish of 2022 after inflation was nicely on its approach to being tamed. Bondholders can be repaid in {dollars} that will have decrease buying energy. The Federal Reserve started reducing the funds fee in September 2024, making it inexpensive to personal gold, and flows into iShares Gold Belief (IAU) began to rise in November 2024.
Determine #1 reveals that the Treasury yield curve continues to be barely inverted, however beginning to fall on the brief finish because the Federal Reserve lowers charges to handle the softening of the labor market. Lengthy-term yields have risen as a result of traders wish to be compensated for the danger of rising nationwide debt and the danger of inflation.
Determine #1: Treasury Yield Curve
Supply: Writer Utilizing St Louis Federal Reserve (FRED)
Monetary Trade Regulatory Authority (FINRA) members report the whole of all debit balances in securities margin accounts, and the whole of all free credit score balances in all money accounts and all securities margin accounts. In Determine #2, I present the free money in margin accounts adjusted for inflation again to 1994. I additionally present my estimate of home inventory valuations, which is a composite of six frequent valuation strategies. A damaging one for valuation is very overvalued. The markets are each extremely leveraged and richly valued.
Determine #2: Inflation Adjusted Free Money in Margin Accounts vs Inventory Valuation
Supply: Writer Utilizing St Louis Federal Reserve (FRED), Monetary Trade Regulatory Authority (FINRA)
Commodity Costs to Hit Six-Yr Low in 2026 as Oil Glut Expands (October 2025) by the World Financial institution Group states, “It [gold price] is projected to extend by an additional 5% subsequent 12 months, leaving gold costs at almost double their 2015-2019 common.” They qualify, “Conversely, geopolitical tensions and conflicts may push oil costs greater and enhance demand for safe-haven commodities akin to gold and silver.”
Portfolio Efficiency – Nice Monetary Disaster to Date
Through the Nice Monetary Disaster bear market to now, 9% (by property beneath administration) of the mixed-asset funds with lower than 65% allotted to shares and different funds had drawdowns of lower than fifteen % and returns over the previous twenty years of seven % or extra. Of the 677 comparable funds with a six-year historical past, 58% had drawdowns of lower than fifteen % through the COVID bear market and returns over the previous six years of seven % or extra.
I constructed 5 mannequin portfolios with drawdowns through the Nice Monetary Disaster, starting from 4% to twenty% and with long-term returns of 5% to 10%. I then constructed a world portfolio to replicate my view that home shares are overvalued, and international shares are prone to outperform due to decrease valuations.
Desk #1 comprises the twenty-three funds chosen by the optimizer to be included within the six mannequin portfolios, sorted from lowest danger (Ulcer Index) to the very best for the eighteen-year interval. The funds shaded mild blue are the least dangerous as measured by the Ulcer Index, which measures the depth and length of drawdowns. The funds shaded pink are the riskiest, with the yellow being average danger.
Desk #1: Funds Chosen in Optimizer Situations
Desk #2 comprises the allocations within the mannequin portfolios. The allocations transition from the least dangerous for the Extremely-Conservative portfolio on the left to the riskiest within the Development portfolio on the appropriate, considerably alongside the trail of the arrow. The Extremely and Very conservative portfolios are invested within the low and moderate-risk funds. The Conservative, World, and Reasonable portfolios are inclined to take extra of a barbell method with lower-risk and higher-risk funds. The Development portfolio has just one fund within the decrease danger sections. Most portfolios embody both Everlasting Portfolio (PRPFX) or iShares Gold Belief (IAU) or each.
Desk #2: Allocations Throughout Six Mannequin Portfolios – 18 Years
Supply: Writer utilizing MFO Premium fund screener and Lipper international dataset.
Finalizing My Goal Portfolio for Classes Discovered
Shorter-term danger consists of coverage uncertainty, excessive fairness valuations, and rising geopolitical dangers. Threat throughout a extreme bear market isn’t having the ability to meet spending wants and monetary obligations. Longer-term dangers are excessive nationwide debt and foreign money devaluation. The function of this conservative sub-portfolio is to mix some funds which might be doing nicely in any surroundings with different funds offering some progress potential, and naturally, to maintain it easy.
Desk #3 comprises the 9 funds that I’ve been shopping for this previous 12 months on the high of the desk, adopted by 4 defensive funds (EAGMX, PRPFX, DIVO, VDC) that I’ll contemplate subsequent 12 months, relying upon market situations. The underside 5 funds (FMSDX, UTES, NWJCX, QQQ) are the forms of funds that I’ll wish to add through the subsequent correction for longer-term progress at affordable costs.
Desk #3: Writer’s Watchlist – Metrics for Six Years
Supply: Writer Utilizing MFO Portfolio Instrument and Lipper international dataset.
Desk #4 is a comparability of the funds in my conservative portfolio, equally weighted plus Amplify CWP Enhanced Dividend Revenue ETF (DIVO) to Everlasting Portfolio (PRPFX), Vanguard World Wellesley Revenue (VGYAX), and Vanguard World Wellington (VGWAX). My portfolio efficiency had greater returns and decrease drawdown than the World Wellington. The hyperlink to Portfolio Visualizer is supplied right here.
Desk #4: Portfolio Efficiency – Might 2019 – October 2025
Supply: Writer Utilizing Portfolio Visualizer
My “Conservative Portfolio” is 32% allotted to shares. Bonds are largely greater than funding grade “BBB”. The yield is 3.0%. The expense ratio is a comparatively excessive 1.04%, however I’m paying for draw back safety. I consider that the conservative portfolio within the desk above would probably have a drawdown of 15% or much less throughout a monetary disaster as extreme because the Nice Monetary Disaster. Individually, I make investments at Vanguard for a low-cost, buy-and-hold technique.
Determine #3 is a visible show of portfolio efficiency. The efficiency of Vanguard World Wellesley Revenue (VGYAX) was damage in 2022 due to its allocation to bonds with rising rates of interest. It has a excessive allocation to monetary sectors, which ought to profit from falling charges, and a low allocation to expertise, which is very valued.
Determine #3: Portfolio Efficiency – Might 2019 – October 2025
Supply: Writer Utilizing Portfolio Visualizer
My portfolio has benefits over World Wellington in that I can strategically rebalance the portfolio and tilt it for market situations. I can promote a fund that’s doing nicely in a down market if I have to. World Wellington has the benefit of simplicity and being professionally managed with out the necessity to rebalance. Everlasting Portfolio has a clean profile, and a drawdown barely greater than the Writer’s goal portfolio through the COVID bear market.
Fund Highlight
Over the previous a number of months, I centered on the funds in Desk #5 and bought Palm Valley Capital (PVCMX), PIMCO Revenue (PONAX), Columbia Thermostat (COTZX, CTFAX), and a small quantity of iShares Gold Belief (IAU). Palm Valley Capital and Columbia Thermostat have tactical methods and are at present twenty-two % and twenty-seven % invested in shares. Each have averaged seven to 9 % annual returns for the previous six years. David Snowball described PVCMX in “Portfolio replace #1: added Palm Valley Capital” for the September 2020 MFO publication. For the reason that monetary disaster, managers at Columbia Thermostat have modified their technique to step by step change the allocation to shares as an alternative of being all shares or bonds.
Desk #5: Writer’s Shortlist of Funds for Current Purchases
Supply: Writer utilizing MFO Premium fund screener and Lipper international dataset.
Determine #4 reveals the whole returns of the funds. Discover the graceful profile of PVCMX (mild blue line). I like Eaton Vance World Macro Absolute Return (EAGMX) and Amplify CWP Enhanced Dividend Revenue ETF (DIVO), and might need purchased them had I achieved the analysis for this text earlier. I additionally like Everlasting Portfolio (PRPFX) however opted to have iShares Gold Belief (IAU) as a long-term holding in my conservative sub-portfolio.
Determine #4: Writer’s Shortlist of Funds for Current Purchases
Supply: Writer Utilizing MFO Premium fund screener and Lipper international dataset.
Closing
Gold might help shield in opposition to the inflationary impacts of debt monetization (“printing cash”) and rising geopolitical danger. My conclusion is that gold is each overbought within the short-term and at first of an extended rise in costs due to the debt cycle and the gradual weakening of the greenback because the world’s international foreign money. I added a small quantity of iShares Gold Belief (IAU) to my conservative sub-portfolio final month and plan to purchase extra over time. Since yields are excessive, falling charges will profit bond efficiency throughout a recession.
I’ll conclude with one final quote from Ray Dalio:
“The objective of printing cash is to scale back debt burdens, so an important factor for currencies to devalue in opposition to is debt (i.e., enhance the sum of money relative to the quantity of debt, to make it simpler for debtors to repay).”
