Vietnam will let electricity-guzzling factories purchase electrical energy from wind and solar energy producers, serving to huge firms like Samsung Electronics meet their local weather targets and relieving strain on the nation’s overstrained grid.
The federal government decree permitting Direct Energy Buy Agreements (DPPAs) was permitted earlier this month. It lifts a regulation requiring all shoppers of energy to rely solely on the state-run utility Vietnam Electrical energy (EVN) and its subsidiaries, which distribute electrical energy at charges fastened by the federal government.
Overseas buyers which can be very important to Vietnam’s ascent as a significant exporter have been clamoring for such a change.
“The DPPA will dramatically alter this established order,” mentioned Giles Cooper, a companion on the worldwide legislation agency Allens based mostly in Hanoi who makes a speciality of power coverage.
With out such a change, it was “troublesome, if not inconceivable” for firms to fulfill their commitments to part out reliance on fossil fuels. With increasingly more nations taxing carbon air pollution, firms that may present that their factories use clear power can get pleasure from a “appreciable aggressive benefit” in some markets, mentioned Cooper, who contributed to the drafting of the legislation.
This loosening of the Communist Occasion-ruled state’s grip on the sale of electrical energy has been within the making since 2019. In most of Southeast Asia, electrical energy markets are usually centralized. However DPPAs to permit firms to purchase power from energy producers instantly are rising, mentioned Kyeongho Lee, head of Asia Pacific Energy Analysis at Wooden Mackenzie.
Lee mentioned the quantity of energy technology beneath such agreements elevated from 15 gigawatts in 2021 to 26 gigawatts in 2023, development concentrated in India, Australia and Taiwan, which account for greater than 80 % of the overall capability that’s beneath contract.
Vietnam’s transfer addresses buyers’ considerations about entry to steady and clear power. That’s a precedence for a rustic seen as a promising various for companies seeking to diversify provide chains exterior China.
Liberalizing the market additionally is predicted to spur extra development of recent photo voltaic and wind farms by guaranteeing a marketplace for clear electrical energy, analysts say.
About 20 massive firms are all for shopping for clear power instantly from producers, in accordance with a survey carried out by Vietnam’s Ministry of Trade and Commerce, with complete demand estimated at almost 1 gigawatt of power.
Vietnam’s largest international investor, Samsung, was among the many earliest to start out working with the federal government on introducing this mechanism. The corporate goals to transition all its enterprise websites to renewable power by 2027, and Vietnam is its largest cell phone manufacturing base, accounting for greater than half of all manufacturing.
The South Korean multinational advised The Related Press in an e mail that it welcomed the approval of the “landmark decree.”
Its factories transitioned to renewable power in 2022 by shopping for renewable power credit. “Now, with the DPPA mechanism, we have now extra choices to obtain renewable power and stay up for working with the Vietnam authorities to additional develop and implement PPAs,” it mentioned.
Apple Inc., which has moved some manufacturing to Vietnam from China after enduring disruptions in its manufacturing in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, additionally welcomed the reform as an “essential step in the direction of a cleaner grid.”
Bessma Aljarbou, head of Apple’s Provider Carbon Options mentioned in an announcement that the plan offers suppliers with a “significant alternative” to help Vietnam’s purpose of changing into carbon impartial by 2050 whereas assembly its personal purpose of changing into carbon impartial by 2030.
The success of DPPAs will rely upon how rapidly Vietnam can improve its rickety electrical grid, which as is the case in lots of locations on the planet, has did not sustain with speedy development of unpolluted energy technology. Vietnam says it wants $15 billion to strengthen it.
This could possibly be an impediment for factories the place it’s inconceivable to construct a photo voltaic or wind farm shut by, which means that firms can solely purchase clear energy “just about,” shopping for the power from the state utility, EVN, which might buy the ability from the photo voltaic or wind farm, with the client making up any distinction in prices between the federal government fee and the one agreed on within the buying settlement.
“On this mannequin, there isn’t any direct hyperlink between the patron and generator. In truth, they are often lots of of kilometers aside,” defined Cooper, including that regardless that the corporate nonetheless buys electrical energy from the state-run utility it now has contractual proof of its use of renewable power.
The brand new directive has two mechanisms for factories to instantly purchase renewable power. The primary is the so-called direct wire mannequin the place some massive shoppers of electrical energy could be related to a close-by renewable energy plant by way of a direct transmission line. They’ll then purchase the electrical energy at an agreed-upon fee. This ensures the ability might be fully clear power with no involvement of EVN.
Vietnam elevated its use of photo voltaic and wind energy by tenfold between 2015-23 and energy from such clear sources now accounts for about 13 % of complete electrical energy technology. However the clear power growth has faltered in latest months attributable to coverage hurdles just like the removing of enticing long-term contracts for clear power producers or lack of protections for losses incurred when power from the solar or the wind aren’t utilized to stability the grid. These have been additional aggravated by political uncertainty attributable to an anti-corruption marketing campaign.
In the meantime, use of polluting fossil fuels, which had been on the decline, elevated to 53.6 % of complete energy technology in 2023 from 49.7 % the 12 months earlier than, in accordance with information from U.Ok.-based power thinktank Ember.
The brand new directive may assist reverse this pattern by making it simpler for power producers because it ensures that there might be purchasers for particular wind and photo voltaic tasks, mentioned Dinita Setyawati Senior Electrical energy Coverage Analyst for Southeast Asia at Ember. “So there are extra certainties from a enterprise standpoint,” she mentioned.
She added that in Vietnam the legislation may “unlock” a variety of curiosity to construct photo voltaic or wind farms.
“We are able to count on extra renewable power capacities put in if this scheme is profitable,” she mentioned.
